Category Archives: Southeast Asia

Cambodia – Phnom Penh’s Russian Market

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Dan and I are market junkies. We don’t buy very much. Well, maybe a few silk scarves and wooden cow bells, that sort of thing, only a small smattering of the goods available. Mostly we’re there to absorb the patterns and rhythms of the place. The visual candy. And to experience each market’s unique character.

And so…allow me to present the Russian Market in Phnom Penh, so named in the 1980s when the Russians were the only tourists in town, and this is where they went to find cheap local goods to ship home. And it’s still probably the best place for that kind of thing today, as well as every other kind of merchandise under the sun. And as rich in visual candy as they come.

Here is a somewhat random walk through the market, in one side, through the food court in the middle, and out the other side.

             

 

Cambodia – Siem Reap, silk farming and weaving

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In the town of Siem Reap, an organization called Artisans d’Angkor provides employment for rural people by teaching them ancient handicrafts. This organization also runs a silk farm in a more remote area. It was a bit off the beaten tourist trail, and we had to ask our guide to bring us there. Thank heavens, no crowds!

The silk farm grows its own mulberry trees and raises its own silkworms. Not nearly enough to supply the large quantities of silk they need for their weaving operations (the rest comes from China), but the worm-growing part of the business still seemed young, as were the trees. It was a beginning.

Silk worms are entirely domesticated animals, no longer found in the wild. They grow fast and are voracious eaters that must be fed frequently. They live only about four weeks before beginning to spin their cocoons. When the cocoons are completed, all but a few (kept for breeding) are harvested and boiled to remove the sericin coating that holds the cocoon together and also, alas, to kill the forming moth within, which would otherwise secrete an acid that would damage the silk thread.

 

Each cocoon is made of a single silk filament more than half a mile long. The worker finds the ends of several cocoons (if you look hard you may be able to see the fine filaments leading to the tool in the worker’s hand above) and inserts them into a machine that unwinds them from the cocoon. It winds several filaments together into a thread on a reel. The threads are then wound onto bobbins.

   

Some of the thread is bleached into “fine” silk, and some is left its natural color as “raw” silk. The silk is then colored using dyes made from a variety of natural ingredients.

  

More detailed descriptions of the life of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) can be found here and here.

The finished, dyed silk is then woven using hand-operated looms.

    

 

Cambodia – Seen (scene) along the road in Siem Reap

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In Cambodia, the population is mostly Buddhist (94%), with a small admixture of Moslems (mostly Chan people) and Christians (mostly Chan and Vietnamese). But the old pre-Buddhist animistic religions still persist in a few practices. The most notable of these are the spirit houses that are found everywhere–on the properties of homes and shops and government buildings alike. Spirit houses are built for the resident spirits of the place, especially the dangerous ones, so that they will not move into the people’s houses or shops. Often, these spirit houses contain images or offerings of some kind for the spirits.

 

I briefly considered getting one for our home in Massachusetts, but it was hard to know how the neighbors would feel about it. Also, Dan and I figured the mailmen would persist in putting the mail there, which might be offensive to the spirits. And–the real deal-killer: the things are made of concrete, probably driving us way over the checked-luggage weight limit.

Shops of all sorts line the roads. Here are a basket store, a variety store, a cell phone store, and a gas station. Yes, gas by the liter, and probably illegal, too. Judging from the repose of the attendant, the gas station is not very busy.

   This roadside gate leads to an ancient monastery compound.

The town of Siem Reap itself is very tourist-oriented, with some strip development. But the older part of town retains a certain charm.

 

Cambodia – Tonle Sap Lake

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The Tonle Sap, or Great Lake, is one of the largest and most important fresh-water systems in southeast Asia. It’s also one of the most interesting. The lake is connected via the Siem Reap River to the Mekong River and is home to a number of communities of ethnic Cham and Vietnamese people who live on houseboats. During the dry season the Siem Reap River flows from the lake, which at that time of year is only about a meter deep, and drains into the Mekong River. During the monsoon season, however, the Siem Reap River reverses direction and flows from the Mekong River into Tonle Sap Lake. The lake grows much larger (by a factor of four or five) and deeper (by a factor of eight or nine), and the people move seasonally from lake to the mouth of one of its feeder rivers and back again, wherever the fishing is best.

We visited during the start of monsoon season, and the river leading to the mouth of the lake was lined with houseboats. (The brown color of the water is due to a high rate of sedimentation, a normal phenomenon of this ecosystem.)

  

“People here live pretty close to their neighbors,” our guide pointed out. “So do you know what they do if it turns out they and their neighbors don’t get along?”

“What?” we asked.

His eyes gleaming, he said, “They move! Home and all!”

And we were, in fact, lucky enough to see someone in the process of doing just that.

  

And there weren’t just houseboats. There were also shop-boats of all sorts, and cafe-boats and basketball-court-boats and church-boats. All of these migrate up and down the lake with the people.

  

 

There’s even a grocery delivery service.

Since many of the people are fishermen, they work in the evenings and at night, and they rest during the day. And so we saw a lot of people at home, many of whom were sleeping in their hammocks.

    

At the mouth of the river,we reached the end of the settlement and the open expanse of the lake.

    

Cambodia – Raffles Grand Hotel d’Angkor

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Perhaps because this part of the trip was arranged through a travel agency through a travel agency (yes, that’s a chain of two travel agencies, as it turned out), there were several places where we were booked into a class of luxury hotel that was well above our normal standard. It’s quite possible that in some cases the amenities that we require (air conditioning during monsoon season, for example) were not available in lesser classes of hotel, especially since we also expressed a preference for older, historic buildings with some charm.

In any case, the Raffles Grand Hotel d’Angkor is the kind of hotel where a uniformed man opens the door for us, and the ladies at the front desk greet us as we walk by, there are cool towels to wipe our faces after braving the outdoors, and a butler is available to assist us at any hour of the day or night. In short, when we enter the front door we have walked back in time to the best that the French colonial period had to offer.

Here is what I wrote in my journal the evening before we departed:

I am in a continual struggle with the staff here at the Raffles Hotel regarding how to serve me best. 

Now–you’d think that perhaps I am the one of us who would be the expert on the subject. But apparently not. 

Two or three times a day I move the TV remote control and entertainment guide off my night table (where I need the room for my stuff) and put them next to the TV (where they won’t get in my way). And two or three times a day I return to the room to find that they have moved them back to my night table.

They put a bottle of water and an extra glass on my night table. I am grateful for the water, and I move it to the bathroom where I need it. I move the glass to the table where the fruit is. Where I can ignore it. 

They rearrange all my belongings on my night table to make room for the glass, the water, the remote control, and the entertainment guide. I move all these things back into my familiar arrangement, where I can find what I might need in the middle of the night in the dark.

They arrange all my items on the counter in the bathroom in order by size. And they put the soap dish prominently in the middle. I move them back into groups by use, and I put the soap dish out of the way. 

I am going to win this silent dispute. Tomorrow, I leave. Bwah-ha-ha!

They are going to win this silent dispute. Tomorrow, I will be gone. Bwah-ha-ha indeed!

 

Cambodia – Everyday life a thousand years ago

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Besides for its astonishing collection of heads, Angkor Thom’s Bayon temple also contains a marvelous bas-relief depicting scenes from everyday life. I’m sure that someone, somewhere, has an idea of what all these people are doing. Some of them, I can identify. As for the rest, the pictures are charming, but I don’t know. Respond with a comment if you think you have a clue!

Also, please don’t ask me what all those fish and crocodiles and so on are doing up in the sky. Maybe that’s what they get during monsoon season instead of “raining cats and dogs.” Or maybe the bas-relief works its way downwards and there’s some naval scene up above.

   I think the next couple of pictures depict people in houses.

 Now we come to a few that I might identify. A couple of scenes where people are cooking.

  A woman giving birth, perhaps.

Men playing a board game.

And finally, of course, war.

 

 

Cambodia – Angkor Thom, the Bayon temple

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Remember the Churning of the Ocean of Milk? The story reappears at Angkor Thom, where the gods on one side and the giants on the other, each pulling at their half of the great serpent, form railings leading to the main entrance of the Bayon temple.

  

You can’t see them well in this picture, but there are huge faces in the stone above the entryway.

In fact, there are huge faces all over the place at Angkor Thom’s Bayon temple. I was going to say the place was crawling with them…but that’s too weird an image. These faces are quite still. They haven’t moved in over nine hundred years. Not much, anyway.

      

 

Cambodia – Angkor Wat, the battles, the heavens, the hells

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Angkor Wat contains more bas-reliefs than just the Churning of the Sea of Milk, all epic in scale and astonishing in detail. Considering that they are almost one thousand years old, they are amazingly well preserved. There are lots of glorious battles scenes with armies marching on foot, on horseback, on elephants. Battles are so crowded and chaotic you can almost hear the shouts of the advancing soldiers and the screams of the wounded.

Larger-than-life kings and even many-armed gods preside over all. The dying fall to hells that have more tortures than Dante’s Inferno or rise to heavens full of earthly glories.

            

Cambodia – Angkor Wat, the churning of the ocean of milk

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Once upon a time–and maybe still today–there were gods and there were demons. Although they were half-siblings, they hated each other and fought terrible battles. But generally the gods had the upper hand.

One day, Indra, king of the gods accidentally insulted a great and powerful sage, who then cursed Indra and all the gods with him, causing them to lose their good fortune. Shortly afterwards, the demons defeated the gods in a great battle, and the demons gained control of the universe.

The gods appealed to Vishnu, who is the creator of everything, gods and demons alike. You can imagine how they moaned and cried, but Vishnu told them they were adults and had to fend for themselves. He advised diplomacy. You can just hear him telling them in his best parenting voice that they could catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.

So the gods went to the demons and proposed a project of joint cooperation: Together they would churn the Ocean of Milk (which we call today the Milky Way) for the nectar of immortality, which they would share when they got it. The demons agreed.

It took all of the joint strength of the gods and the demons to churn the Ocean of Milk. They used Mt. Mandaranchal as a fulcrum. Vasuki, the five-headed king of the serpents, agreed to serve as the churning rope.

The demons, with their armies behind them, held Vasuki’s head.

    

The gods held his tail.

 

They took turns pulling, rotating the mountain this way and that, churning and churning. Sea creatures were stirred up in the ocean.

 

The gods and demons churned so hard that Mt. Mandaranchan began to sink into the ocean. To hold it up, Vishnu appeared in his incarnation as a turtle (Here we see both Vishnu and the turtle below him). Indra, king of the gods, flew above Vishnu to steady the mountain.

The gods and demons churned up a lot of good stuff (and a little bad): the moon, a seven-headed horse, a divine cow, Indra’s elephant, the most valuable jewel in the world, a powerful poison (fortunately swallowed by the god Shiva to prevent it from killing off everything, and the source of Shiva’s blue throat), a divine tree, the goddess of alcohol, the goddess of good fortune and wealth, the heavenly dancing nymphs (apsaras, which you can see flying above gods and demons alike), and finally, yes, the elixir of immortality.

A great battle ensued for possession of the elixir, and–tragedy!–the demons won. But Vishnu appeared disguised as an enticing maiden, who distracted the demons and then stole the elixir back for the gods. A second great battle ensued, this time with a decisive victory for the gods.

And so, that’s why we worhip gods and not demons to this very day.

 

Cambodia – Angkor Wat, the buildings

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We’re in for three postings about Angkor Wat over the next few days. Today, let’s look at the buildings and site. The next two posts will cover the wonderful friezes.

Most temples traditionally face east, the direction of the sunrise and hope. But Angkor Wat faces west, the direction of death. Some scholars have conjectured that the Wat was intended as a mausoleum, but no remains have ever been found. So… maybe not.

Construction was begun early in the reign of King Suryavarman II, who reigned from 1113 to 1150 AD, and the temple was mostly completed in the first half of his reign. Considering that this may be the world’s largest religious building, this is no small feat.

With an outer wall 2.2 miles long, the Wat encloses an area of over two hundred acres. It has more stone than the Great Pyramid. Sacked by the enemy Chams in 1177, Angkor Wat was never completely abandoned, even after a new Khmer king built the Bayon Temple at Angkor Thom in the following century.

We approached Angkor Wat from the east and then ascended the stairs to the galleries of carved stone friezes (more on these later).

   

 

After viewing the friezes, we crossed some inner galleries, to see some Buddhas still actively worshipped today. (I should note here that although the temple was originally consecrated to Vishnu, it became Buddhist when the Khmer people did.)

     

 

The friezes near the entrances and exits are apsaras, heavenly dancing girls who await the righteous, er, men. Cute, aren’t they? So welcoming! I wonder what they do for the righteous women.

Afterwards, we made our way out the western entrance, across a long stone causeway, past numerous ancillary structures and the remains of a great moat.

       

Looking back even just from the midway point, the temple was far away. And awesome.