Varanasi – doorways and decorations

Decorations is probably not the right word. All the small and large, bright and cheerful, old and new decorative items placed near doorways in Varanasi are, I believe, religious in nature. It’s not like having pink flamingos in the yard. It’s more like having a statue of the virgin Mary in the yard.

But still, that said, these are wonderful to behold, even for a non-Indian non-Hindu like me who doesn’t know a tenth of the symbolism.

sm DSC01013

Take this one, for example. Probably the Hindi script explains it. Probably any person on the street could have explained it. I don’t know what it is–but I love the colors and the composition.

The next one I do understand a bit of.

sm DSC01016 sm DSC01018

That is, I’m not sure about the statue at the top, though he’s almost certainly a god. Likewise the person at the bottom left. The blue person at the bottom right, though, is, I believe, Krishna playing his flute. So since Krishna is an incarnation of Vishnu, perhaps this is a shrine to Vishnu.

Here’s an elaborate one. (I’m not going to guess.)

sm DSC01019

I believe the next two are representations of the monkey king Hanuman. The second one surely is (can you see the monkey-like features of the nose and jaw?); and they are both in similar poses, carrying two little people on their shoulders.

sm DSC01051 sm DSC01055

Here’s a more elaborate rendition of Hanuman. Hanuman is believed to be an incarnation of the god Shiva, founder of the city of Varanasi. Hanuman symbolizes strength and perseverance in the face of obstacles.

sm DSC01070

This next one is sweet–a representation of Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of good luck and good beginnings, the remover of obstacles. He appears at the entryway to many of the houses. He is popular everywhere, but particularly in Varanasi because he is the son of Shiva, founder of the city.

sm DSC01065

Here’s a bell, a simple enough object yet beautifully integrated into the fabric of the street. And it too has a scene in bas relief below it.

sm DSC01041

The next doorway is, I believe, the entrance to a local temple.

sm DSC01067

Finally, we come to the winged lions. I don’t know what to make of them. Two of these flank either side of an elaborately decorated doorway. They are not a common symbol in Hinduism but neither are they unheard-of. Why here? And is the building they guard a temple? To whom? People’s comings and goings give no clue.

sm DSC01083 sm DSC01084

sm DSC01082

 

 

Varanasi – pedestrian streets

The oldest part of Varanasi is a maze of pedestrian streets. Now, Varanasi has been continuously inhabited since about 1200 BC, but you will be happy to know that the old part of the city is not that old, mostly dating from the eighteenth century. Still, the streets are quite narrow. And traffic here–pedestrian and especially motorbike–can be quite as intense and daunting as vehicular traffic in other parts of India, and just as loud. And just as scary. A person could get killed here–but this is Varanasi. At least you’d go directly to Paradise. And too, this is India. It all works out without actual injury.

All photographs in this blog post were taken when I felt safe enough to do so. Which is to say, when there was very little traffic, none of it with wheels.

Here are two young men with a vehicular assault weapon.

sm21 DSC01012b IMG_3971

And here are a sampling of the kind of narrow streets they might be using it on. Note that these are NOT one-way streets.

sm01 DSC01010a IMG_3968 sm07 DSC01079 sm04 DSC01010b IMG_3969

I particularly like this last one, which appears to suggest that the street would like to get even narrower, had someone not shored up the buildings on either side.

On this street near the crematorium, wood is piled to the height of a building.

sm41 DSC01033 sm44 DSC01034 sm47 DSC01035

Next, we look at some typical shopping streets. As you can see, motorbikes are everywhere. One nice feature is the benches and seats along the street–suggesting that an exhausted and harried pedestrian might refresh himself by sitting down. And perhaps the tea-wallah will be along in a few minutes with a refreshing drink.

sm68 DSC01091 sm66 DSC01086 sm64 DSC01079b IMG_3999 sm61 DSC01077 sm60 DSC01073 sm62 DSC01079a IMG_3997 sm58 DSC01072a IMG_3995

 

Shops in Varanasi

It’s hard to know how to unravel the complex city of Varanasi. There is so much energy here. But here’s what I’m going to try: Having discussed a single merchant–the seller of silk shawls–I’ll move to shops, and from there to streets, doorways and decorations, then the Nepali temple, buildings, and finally larger land views. Somewhere in there, if I don’t start getting too anxious to move on, there’s a nice little digression on animals.

So then, picture yourself on a narrow street. Two of you can walk side by side, but only if you’re pretty friendly. It is a pedestrian street, which is generally a nice feature, but in Varanasi, pedestrian also includes bicycles, motor bikes, and motor cycles, whose drivers are not going to let a mere few hundred walkers get in their way. There are also carts and occasionally animals. And so there is a chaos of sound, mostly horns blaring Watch out!, but also conversations, bells, and other unidentifiable noises. People too are pushing to get by. Or stopping so that you have to push to get by. It is intense. Your heart is pumping adrenalin; you don’t want to lose your group. Or–never mind the group–you are in constant fear of getting run over.

And here, on every side, are the most interesting tiny shops. What are these people doing? What are they selling? Often you can’t figure it out in just the second and a half you have before you will be surrounded by swarms of strangers and lost forever.

I hope these men are not preparing food, but I wouldn't bet on it.

I hope these men are not preparing food, but I wouldn’t bet on it.

Okay, this is definitely food.

Okay, this is definitely food.

And so is this.

And so is this.

Here's a bakery.

Here’s a bakery.

I'm pretty sure this is food--the man on the right is selling some kind of leaves wrapped around some kind of filling. I think.

I’m pretty sure this is food–the man on the right is selling some kind of leaves wrapped around some kind of filling. I think.

More food!

More food!

Here's the tea-wallah operating from a conveniently vacant doorstep.

Here’s the tea-wallah operating from a conveniently vacant doorstep.

I would have liked to stop and watch this metal-worker if I could have.

I would have liked to stop and watch this metal-worker if I could have.

Metal products

Metal products.

Near to my heart--a bookstore!

Near to my heart–a bookstore!

Barber shop and possibly also the local word-of-mouth news center.

Barber shop and possibly also the local word-of-mouth news center.

Only in India! A storefront shop full of wedding parapharnalia. (Stacks of turbans in the foreground)

Only in India! A storefront shop full of wedding parapharnalia. (Stacks of turbans in the foreground)

Not a motorcycle shop, but only a place where people have temporarily stored their deadly weapons.

Not a motorcycle shop, but only a place where people have temporarily stored their deadly weapons.

Varanasi – Fire and ashes

Downstream from our hotel (the friendly and convenient Hotel Alka) the scene from the Ganges turns darker and more surreal. The buildings seem less colorful, grimmer. Smoke rises from fires in the distance.

sm DSC00950a IMG_3965 sm DSC00953

Yes, those are fires where bodies have been burned. Yes, those are piles and piles of logs for more fires later. (There is also a crematorium, and I believe the story is that most of the bodies are cremated there, but no one is denied a cremation in Vanarasi–so the poor are cremated on these ghats.

sm DSC00954a IMG_3967 sm DSC00966 sm DSC00955

There is also, a bit farther downstream, a Piranesian ruin of a stupa that has become…just an accepted part of this bizarre landscape.

sm DSC00962

Bodies are brought to Varanasi from many places in India. They are first bathed in the Ganges River and then taken to be cremated.

sm DSC00966a DSC00974 sm DSC00966b DSC00975

No one cries at a funeral in Varanasi, we were told. In Varanasi, there is no sorrow, only joy. Later, when the mourners go home again, they will cry.

We headed back upriver to the hotel, where scenes that seemed bright and festive on the way down now seem somehow like part of an entirely other world.

sm DSC00971

At the hotel, the manager told us that people who are fortunate enough to die in Varanasi–not necessarily those who came here to die but even those who just accidentally happen to die while they were here–go directly to paradise and do not have to be reborn again. This is an occasion of great joy. There is no sadness in Varanasi, only happiness and good fortune.

 

 

 

Varanasi – Riverside activities

First of all, let me say that I believe the Ganges River is polluted. Not only have I read a most informative article on the subject in Smithsonian magazine, but also I have pictures. 

Ganges River edge in Varanasi

The stone configuration is a kind of washboard for those who wish to wash their clothing in the Ganges River. The other stuff is…er, other stuff.

I mention this because one very popular activity on the ghats (steps) of the Ganges is bathing. In the river.

sm DSC00988 sm DSC01001 sm DSC00857 sm DSC00869 sm DSC00883

And not just bathing. I saw people pouring the water over their heads. I saw people drinking from it. Dan saw a man brushing his teeth in the Ganges.

Nearby, a man worships in a temple to Ganga, the Ganges, the divine river. Westerners practice yoga on its banks.

sm DSC00982 sm IMG_3941

It isn’t just the pollution. Dead bodies are washed in the Ganges. People are cremated nearby and their ashes…are taken home again? Mostly? But more about this in the next post.

Maybe this is just my Western squeamishness, but as beautiful a river as the Ganges is, I would not bathe in it.

 

 

 

Varanasi – River, sunrise

We arrived in Varanasi after dark. It wasn’t supposed to be that way. Having left the hotel in Khajuraho at 8 am for what google maps estimated was a 6.5-hour drive–and the driver said would be eight hours–we expected to arrive in enough time to settle into our hotel before dinner. Instead, we had a bone-jolting twelve-hour drive over roads that were sporadically under repair–or that certainly should have been, too late and weary and sore to even consider dinner.

I consider it a personal act of bravery that Dan and I nevertheless signed up for a 6 am boat tour of the Ganges River the next morning. But then, instead of a day and a half, we now had only the one complete day in Varanasi, and we had to make the most of it.

A word about our hotel: We were staying at the budget Hotel Alka (see my review here). It’s a great little hotel that is right on one of the ghats overlooking the river. So we didn’t have far to walk to our boat. This is good, since it wasn’t yet the least bit light when we left.

Ganges River February 11, 6 am

Now, not light is definitely not the same thing as not noisy. To the contrary, there were shouts and singing, bells and drums, a mayhem of noises, happy and intense. There was, in fact, a major celebration of the sunrise-to-be going on just one or two ghats upriver.

sm DSC00793 ???????????????????????????????

Farther up it wasn’t quite as crowded, but people were already bathing in the holy river at this sacred time of day.

sm DSC00816 sm DSC00818

The faintest light was creeping into the sky, enhancing the city’s unique beauty.

sm DSC00827 ??????????????????????????????? sm DSC00859a Varanasi - Ganges River pre-dawn

People were beginning the activities of the day.

sm DSC00859b IMG_3911 sm DSC00859c IMG_3914cr

And–beautifully–the sun rose over the Ganges River.

???????????????????????????????

 

Budapest – the market

Oh joy! We come now to one of Dan’s and my more favorite buildings in Budapest. As many of our friends and followers of this blog know, we are really keen on markets. And while Budapest’s market may not be the most intense or the most exotic or the most diverse, its Great Market Hall (Nagy Vásárcsarnok) is certainly one of the most beautiful market buildings we have ever seen.

sm01 IMG_2266 sm03 IMG_2270

We probably saw more ristras of red chiles here and all kinds of packages of chile powder, stall for stall, than any place outside of New Mexico. Here, of course, they call it paprika.

sm05 IMG_2267 sm07 IMG_2271 sm09 IMG_2273 sm11 IMG_2275

And of course don’t forget the fresh chiles!

sm13 IMG_2277

Sometimes it seemed every stall had something to do with peppers. Or, well, not all of them. Some had other things like yummy baked goods.

sm15 IMG_2276

Time to go upstairs and check out the market from those enticing-looking walkways up above.

sm20 IMG_2264 sm22 IMG_2279 sm24 IMG_2282 sm25 IMG_2280

Lovely!

 

 

A trip to our roots

This is the post where I get to reveal the fundamental reason we traveled to central Europe. The underlying cause of our visits to Prague and Vienna. The basic fact of our trip to Hungary.

Dan’s roots are here.

Both his grandfather and his grandmother on his mother’s side were born in Hungary, though they met only later, in the United States. And because of complicated circumstances, Dan was largely raised by his Hungarian grandfather.

Incredibly, his grandparents grew up in similarly small villages maybe fifteen miles apart by road (probably less than ten as the crow flies). But they never met. I believe they never even visited one another’s village. There would have been no reason to.

Dan’s grandfather grew up in Takacsi (“Takach”), a village of about 1,000 inhabitants in the county of Veszprem, only seven or eight miles north of the regional center of Papa (that’s a town; population about 33,000). Takacsi is bisected by Route 83, which runs almost from the Slovakian border down to Lake Balaton, a two-lane road that does carry some traffic. If your grandfather didn’t come from there, you’d probably never notice it as you drove through. Most of the houses are quite modest.

sm IMG_2367 sm IMG_2379

A few suggest slightly wealthier inhabitants, perhaps like Dan’s great-grandfather, who could afford to travel to the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893.

sm IMG_2378

There is even, surprisingly, a guest house.

sm IMG_2373

Even more surprisingly, for a village this small, there were no fewer than three churches–Calvinist, Lutheran, and Roman Catholic. I don’t know which was which, but Dan and I liked to imagine that the first one we came across, built in 1808 and currently undergoing extensive renovation, might have been the one his grandfather had attended as a boy.

sm IMG_2364 sm IMG_2365

Then again, it wasn’t the only church that old. Here’s one that was built and rebuilt three times–in 1794, 1867, and 1963.

sm IMG_2376

And just for the record, here are other churches of Takacsi.

sm IMG_2371 sm IMG_2377

Dan’s grandmother grew up in Csot (“Chote”), a village about ten miles east of Papa with about 1,200 inhabitants. It seemed somehow more attractive to me, but perhaps this is partly because it is more remote, without a major road running through it. There are at least two churches–Roman Catholic and Evangelical.

sm IMG_2383  sm IMG_2388

And there’s some sort of official building as well–a town hall, maybe? Or a government office?

sm IMG_2387

The town has a certain charm.

sm IMG_2386 sm IMG_2389 sm IMG_2390

Most movingly, we found a monument to the inhabitants of Csot who died in the two World Wars.

sm IMG_2393

Knowing that Dan’s grandmother (nee Marie Nemeth) had a brother who died in World War I, we found not one, but three Nemeths who had been struck down–Ignac, Istvan, and Sandor–perhaps her brother and two cousins? Were there, we wondered, any Nemeths left now in Csot?

sm IMG_2394

We had one more stop to make.

I met Dan’s grandfather at his house overlooking Lake Bomoseen, which at 3.7 square miles, is the largest lake located entirely in Vermont. Grandpa John would spend long hours looking out over his lovely view, and sometimes he would talk about Lake Balaton in Hungary. Lake Bomoseen, he said, reminded him of Lake Balaton, a place of striking beauty. It seemed that if there were one place on the planet that Grandpa John might want to see again, this was it.

We had to go.

Lake Balaton, at 230 square miles, is the largest freshwater lake in central Europe. Coming as we were from the north, we visited the town of Balatonfured on the northern shore of the lake, which is hillier and more historic than the southern. It is also one of the major wine-producing regions of Hungary.

It’s also beautiful. There’s a harbor for pleasure boats and for a number of ferries that ply the lake’s green waters.

sm IMG_2403 sm IMG_2406 sm IMG_2409

Along the shore extends a lovely park.

sm IMG_2407 sm IMG_2411 sm IMG_2413

We found the pleasant Vitorlas Etterem on the lake shore.

sm IMG_2397 sm IMG_2404 sm IMG_2405

Here we enjoyed a pleasant meal overlooking the lake before driving back to Budapest. (I cannot explain it, but yes, that is a boat inside the restaurant.)

sm IMG_2398

 

Budapest – Matthias Church

Not far north of the Royal Palace on Castle Hill sits Matthias Church (Matyas Templom). It’s a magnificent late-Gothic church, with a stunningly patterned roof tiles.

sm IMG_2313 sm IMG_2312

As with many of Budapest’s landmark buildings, the Matthias Church has a complicated history of construction, destruction, and revival. The original Gothic church was built in the thirteenth century. It was turned into a mosque when the Turks occupied Budapest in the sixteenth century; its treasures were carted off and the ancient frescoes were whitewashed over. When Budapest was liberated from the Turks in 1686, the church was nearly destroyed. Efforts were made to rebuild, and reconstruction according to the original Gothic plans, using what materials remained from the original church, was finally completed in 1896. Only the foundations, columns, and some of the walls date back to the original church.

sm IMG_2314

The rose window is an exact replica of the original rose window. The tower to its left is called the “Bela Tower” after King Bela IV, during whose reign the church was originally built. (The tall tower to the right is the “Matthias Tower” after King Matthias Corvinus, who ruled in the fifteenth century.)

sm IMG_2315

The “Mary Portal” on the south side of the church is noted for its fine Gothic tracery.

The plaza south of the church–enclosed by the Fisherman’s Bastion–contains a fine statue of King Stephen I (Szent Istvan), who united various competing tribes in the region into the kingdom of Hungary, and who brought Christianity to the realm. He was annointed king of Hungary on Christmas day in the year 1000, and he was cannonized the year of his death–1038. Stephen is the patron saint of Hungary.

sm IMG_2317 sm IMG_2318 I Istvan szobra

The Fisherman’s Bastion was built on the site of a former fish market.

sm IMG_2326 sm IMG_2323

The views from the Fisherman’s Bastion are stunning.

sm IMG_2322

 

Budapest – Varhegy and the Chain Bridge

In Budapest, many bridges cross the Danube River. But far and away the most iconic and beloved one is the Chain Bridge (Szechenyi Lanchid).

The Chain Bridge was the first permanent bridge crossing the Danube to connect Buda and Pest. In fact, it was only the second permanent bridge spanning the Danube anywhere. It took ten years to construct and was completed in 1849. At the time it was the second longest suspension bridge in the world (380 meters). This bridge was a major feat of engineering for its time.

The Germans blew up all the bridges of Budapest when they left in January, 1945. Of the Chain Bridge, only the stone pillars remained. But the citizens of Budapest rebuilt the bridge according to the original plans and reopened the bridge in November, 1949, exactly one hundred years after it was originally opened.

It is held up by real chains, this Chain Bridge–independent segments of iron several meters long, looking like a bicycle chain, only much bigger.

sm IMG_2088

These are supported in turn by stone pillars and anchored by large iron blocks underground.

sm IMG_2148

So…one day we walked along the river to the Elizabeth Bridge (Erzebet Hid) and then crossed over to the Buda side of town.

sm IMG_2077 sm IMG_2080 sm IMG_2078

Here we ambled along the riverbank and recrossed to Pest over the Chain Bridge.

sm IMG_2085 sm IMG_2086 sm IMG_2090

The next day we crossed the Chain Bridge again in the opposite direction (from Pest to Buda) and climbed up to Clark Adam Ter. (Remember Adam Clark, the engineer? Yes, this street is named after him.) From here there is a dramatic view across the Danube, Chain Bridge in the foreground.

sm IMG_2293

There is also a funicular to take the foot-weary pedestrian to the top of Varhegy, the Castle Hill.

sm IMG_2297

As you might suspect, from the top of the funicular the view is even better.

sm IMG_2298 sm IMG_2301

We didn’t go inside the Royal Palace, and you’ve already seen a number of the statues around it. Here’s one that’s a little different.

sm IMG_2309

No, I don’t “get it” either–but I like it!